Multitech Journal of Science and Technology (MJST)
The Multitech Journal of Science and Technology (MJST) is an open-access journal that publishes comprehensive research papers and review articles across a broad range of science and technology fields. Dedicated to advancing knowledge in these areas, MJST features a distinguished interdisciplinary editorial board that represents the diverse subjects covered. The journal’s scope includes environmental science, pure and applied mathematics, agricultural research and engineering, biology, biotechnology, bioinformatics, management science, business and economics, healthcare sciences (such as clinical medicine, preventive medicine, and public health), physics, biophysics, computer science, chemistry, and bioengineering, among others. Published by Multitech Publisher, MJST releases new issues monthly and adheres to an open access policy to ensure that scientific research is widely available.
Income and Expenditure Pattern of Agricultural Labourers: A Review
Agricultural labourers represent a vital segment of India's rural workforce, yet they remain economically vulnerable due to irregular employment, low wages, and limited asset ownership. This review paper analyzes existing literature to understand the income and expenditure patterns of agricultural labourers, identifying the socio-economic constraints they face. The study synthesizes findings from various empirical studies, highlighting regional disparities, seasonal income fluctuations, and consumption behavior. It also explores the impact of government schemes, rising inflation, and rural indebtedness. The review reveals a consistent trend of income insufficiency, food expenditure dominance, and limited investment in education or health. The paper suggests the need for robust policy interventions, diversification of livelihood sources, and targeted welfare programs to uplift this marginalized group
Copyright (c) 2025 Multitech Journal of Science and Technology (MJST)
Qualitative Screening of Food Safety Using Parameters Based on Natural Plant Materials
The community as consumers has a role in ensuring food safety. The use of kits has been widely used to identify food additives (BTP) in food ingredients in the community. Currently, a simple, cheap, and easy test tool is needed to screen food ingredients. The purpose of this study was to conduct qualitative screening of food safety using natural plant ingredients, namely turmeric extract and dragon fruit skin. This type of research is a laboratory survey using 30 food samples sold during the fasting month. The results showed that 13.3% of food types were suspected of containing borax and 68.75% were suspected of containing formalin. Food ingredients containing borax are raw wet noodles, skewered meatballs, salted fish and salted squid, while those containing formalin are raw wet noodles, cooked noodles, skewered meatballs, cilok, raw tofu, salted fish, bakpau, pukis, chicken nuggets, petulo, and salted squid. Food ingredients containing borax and formalin are raw wet noodles, skewered meatballs, salted fish and salted squid
Histopathological Evaluation of the Effect of Dextromethorphan and Guaifenesin on the Lung And Kidney Tissues in Albino Rats
Dextromethorphan and guaifenesin are two commonly used medications for the treatment of cough and colds. While their efficacy in alleviating respiratory symptoms is well documented, comprehensive data on their histopathological impact on vital organs is limited. This study determined the effect of the drugs on the lungs and kidney tissues of Albino rats. Twenty four adult albino rats weighing 110±20g were grouped into 4, of 6 rats each. Group A received only normal feed and water daily and served as the control. Groups B, C and D were administered with 0.1ml, 0.5ml and 1ml respectively with oral dextromethorphan and guaifenesin for 28 days. Blood was collected into lithium heparin for biochemical analysis, while the liver and kidney tissues were fixed in 10% formol saline, processed by the paraffin wax method and stained with H&E for examination. Biochemical analysis showed no significant changes in the values of total protein, albumin and Malondialdehyde, while there was a reduction in the values globulin from 8.10 ± 0.59 to 3.85 ± 2.56, glutathione increased from 112.64 to 462.03 ± 1.88 in the low and high doses. Histological findings showed no significant alterations in lungs and kidney tissues
A Study on Consumer Satisfaction of Consumers Towards Hitachi Air Conditioners in Surat
This study titled “A Study on Consumer Satisfaction of Consumers Towards Hitachi Air Conditioners in Surat” investigates how various product and service attributes influence customer satisfaction, with a specific focus on the role of age group as a demographic factor. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 258 respondents and analyzed using chi-square tests to determine associations between age and satisfaction variables such as cooling performance, noise level, energy efficiency, design, remote usability, service experience, and value for money.Out of ten hypotheses, six showed statistically significant associations, especially in areas like installation service, complaint response, service staff behavior, and accessibility of service centers. These results indicate that age influences how consumers perceive service-related aspects more than product-related features, which showed uniform satisfaction across age groups. While most relationships were weak in strength, the significance suggests varied expectations among different age segments.The study supports established consumer satisfaction theories like Expectancy-Disconfirmation and SERVQUAL, highlighting the need for demographic-based service strategies. The insights gained are valuable for Hitachi to enhance customer experience in Surat and improve brand loyalty in a competitive market
A Study on Consumer Satisfaction of Consumers Towards Hitachi Air Conditioners in Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad City
This study investigates consumer satisfaction towards Hitachi air conditioners in Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad, focusing on the influence of age on various satisfaction factors. Data was collected from 252 respondents and analyzed to test ten hypotheses relating age to aspects such as usage patterns, product performance, ease of use, and service quality. The results showed that while age had statistically significant associations with several variables—like cooling performance, quiet operation, energy efficiency, and service response—the relationships were weak. A stronger correlation was noted only in the perception of design and aesthetics, suggesting that visual preferences may vary across age groups. Overall, the study found that age alone does not significantly determine satisfaction, indicating the need for broader consumer profiling. Practical implications include the importance of improving design options, user interface simplicity, and consistent service quality. The findings offer insights for enhancing customer experience and tailoring marketing strategies. Future research could include more demographic factors and psychographic data to gain deeper understanding
Impact of Globalization on Economic Growth: Examine the Relationship Between Globalization and Income Inequality in Developing Countries
Globalization has been a widely debated topic in the field of economics, with various studies examining its impact on economic growth and development. One of the critical issues associated with globalization is its relationship with income inequality in developing countries. While globalization can bring economic benefits, such as increased trade and investment, it can also exacerbate income inequality. On the one hand, globalization can lead to increased economic growth, creating new opportunities for income generation and poverty reduction. Foreign investment and trade can create a new job opportunities, especially in sectors such as manufacturing and services. However, the benefits of globalization may not be evenly distributed, and the wealthy may reap most of the benefits. On the other hand, gobalization can lead to wage disparities, as skilled workers may benefit from new opportunities while unskilled workers may face downward pressure on wages. This can exacerbate income inequality, potentially leading to social and economic instability. Empirical evidence suggests that globalization can increase income inequality in developing countries, particularly in the short term. To mitigate the negative effects of globalization on income inequality, policymakers in developing countries can implement policies such as progressive taxation, social protection, programs, and labor market regulations. By implementing these policies, developing countries can work towards reducing income inequality and ensuring that the benefits of globalization are shared more broadly. Ultimately, the relationship between globalization and income inequality in developing countries is complex, and policymakers must carefully consider the potential impacts of globalization on their economies and societies
A Study on Investor Awareness And Perception Towards Systematic Monthly Gold Investment Plans in Ahmedabad City
The current study is concerned with understanding investor awareness and perception of Systematic Monthly Gold Investment Plans (SMGIPs) in Ahmedabad City, with a focus on how gender impacts attitudes towards investing in SMGIPs. SMGIPs are an increasingly popular way to invest in gold, enabling investors to have a systematic and cost-effective approach to gold investment, while also cultivating savings discipline and long-term wealth creation. The study takes a quantitative approach to research and gathered data from 264 total respondents using questionnaires in a structured format. An analysis of quantitative data, included the hypothesis testing using Pearson’s correlation to identify how gender correlates with SMGIP related constructs such as income, perception of safety, affordability, trust, and convenience. The study's results identified a statistically significant correlation between gender and their monthly income, preference for investing in physical gold, and their perception of the convenience of SMGIPs. To summarise the findings, it can be suggested that while traditional preferences and economic differences continue to shape behaviour in investing, the overall perception of SMGIPs from a gender perspective is more gender neutral, particularly regarding their perception of returns, affordability, and trust in financial institutions. Most of the correlation values found in the investigation were weak or negligible, suggesting some shift of being more consistent with male and female perspectives. This research has both theoretical and practical implications, as it adds to the literature in behavioural finance and provides financial institutions with ideas about how to develop inclusive, income-sensitive marketing strategies
Contract Law : A Brief Overview of IPR (Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement Malpractice
This study aims to critically examine malpractice in intellectual property rights (IPR) agreements as part of the dynamics of contract law in the modern era. The primary focus is on how deviations in the implementation of IPR contracts can result in legal, economic, and reputational losses for the parties involved. The method used is library research, involving the analysis of scientific literature, legislation, and the thoughts of legal experts such as John Salmond, W. Friedmann, and R. Subekti. The discussion reveals that malpractice in IPR agreements is often caused by inconsistent contract clauses, license violations, misuse of confidential information, and power imbalances between parties. Preventing such malpractice heavily depends on the clarity of the agreement, the principle of good faith, and the existence of effective dispute resolution mechanisms. Therefore, the drafting of IPR agreements must consider legal clarity, protection of the interests of the weaker party, and compliance with applicable regulations. These findings underscore the need for a progressive contractual legal approach to address the complexities of intellectual property-based legal relationships in the era of globalization
The Dilemma of the Existence of Inland Communities: A Description & Prescription Analysis of Development Experience in Papua
This article discusses the dilemma of the existence of indigenous communities in Papua amidst the pressure of modernization and the historical construction of development policies that often neglect local wisdom. The main objective of this study is to explore the dynamics of rural community development in Papua by analyzing descriptive and prescriptive experiences embedded in state-led development interventions. The study aims to critically examine how traditional cultural values interact with national development policies, especially within the framework of Papua's Special Autonomy. Using a qualitative approach through a literature study method, this research gathers relevant theories, policy documents, and historical records to identify patterns of transformation, resistance, and adaptation among inland communities. The findings indicate that the uniform top-down development model implemented in Papua has failed to accommodate the socio-cultural realities of local communities. Instead of empowering, these models often lead to marginalization and cultural disintegration. The research also reveals that indigenous responses to development are not passive but are reflected in hybrid forms of adaptation-combining traditional lifestyles with selective adoption of modern elements. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of cultural sensitivity, community-based policy design, and harmonization between state interests and indigenous aspirations. In conclusion, the future of rural development in Papua lies in a participatory, contextual, and inclusive approach that recognizes the pluralistic nature of Papuan society and upholds the spirit of autonomy
An Examination of Zygmunt Bauman's Views on Social Morals & Ethics
This article aims to examine Zygmunt Bauman's views on morality and social ethics in the context of modern and postmodern societies, with relevance to socio-political dynamics in Indonesia, particularly Papua. This research uses a qualitative literature study method, utilizing Bauman's major works, academic documents, and contextual data on local socio-political conditions. The analysis focuses on postmodern ethical themes such as moral ambivalence, asymmetrical relationships, and rejection of the universality of modern ethics. The discussion reveals that Bauman offers an alternative ethical perspective emphasizing individual moral responsibility rather than coercive normative rules. In the context of Papua, this approach is able to explain the tension between state modernity and complex local realities, as well as reveal the importance of moral sensitivity in public policy formulation. Bauman shows that social ethics should not rely on rigid rationality, but on experiences of closeness, love, and responsibility towards others. This article underscores the urgency of renewing social-political ethics to build a more just and humane society
Environmental Diplomacy in the Age of Global Sustainability: Challenges, Actors, and the Future of International Environmental Governance
In global debates, environmental concerns featuring international treaties and issues including climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution dominate. The paper examines how diplomacy among states through international frameworks such as Paris Agreement and Kyoto protocols encourages a global shift towards sustainable development. The history, politics, and impacts of the environmental treaties are important-among other things- in explaining the difficulties of reconciling national interests with global notions of sustainability. The paper also reveals the problems for provisions of their effects such as non-compliance, affordability, and lack of political will as well as the roles of non-claimed actors such as multinational companies and NGOs. Finally, the piece addresses new methods and practices of environmental diplomacy as one of the variables of shaping the future international environmental relations in the context of new global and longer-term-based movements mainly focused on key issues of sustainability. The work points out the ways how the international community could deal with the issues of an increasingly changing world environment as well as strengthen the systems of global governance
The Impact of Globalization on Economic Growth: Investigate the Impact of Globalization on Economic Growth in Developing Countries
This study investigate the impact of globalization on economic growth and development. Globalization, characterized by increased international trade, foreign direct investment, and technological advancements, has been a significant driver of economic growth in many countries. However, its effects are multifaceted and can vary depending on a country's economic structure, institutions, and policies. The analysis that globalization can positively impact economic growth by increasing access to new markets, technologies, and capital. It can also lead to increased productivity and competitiveness, driving economic development. However, globalization can also have negative consequences, such as income inequality, job displacement, and environmental degradation. The study concludes that the impact of globalization on economic growth depends on a country's ability to adapt and leverage its benefits while mitigating its negative effects. Policymakers must implement strategies to promote inclusive growth, protect vulnerable populations, and ensure sustainable development
Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on International Relations and Cooperation
Global peace and security are impacted by climate change, which is becoming more widely acknowledged as an unusual global emergency that cuts across national boundaries. The UN Security Council and experts have pointed out that resource scarcity, displacement, and social tensions are all made worse by climate change, which serves as a "threat multiplier." Interestingly, despite the fragmented governance, the common problem of a warming planet also encourages international cooperation (such as the Paris Agreement). This article explores how states' cooperation and conflict are influenced by increasing climate stress. The analysis highlights the ways in which organizations such as the UNFCCC and UN Security Council react to these tensions and opportunities, as demonstrated by key case studies (the Arctic, the Nile, the Indus basin, and small island states). The results highlight the need to incorporate climate risk into foreign policy since it has the potential to both escalate conflicts and promote multilateral solutions. In order to prevent climate-triggered conflicts and promote cooperative solutions, policy recommendations place a strong emphasis on proactive climate diplomacy, which includes modernizing treaties, increasing climate finance, integrating climate into security strategies, and strengthening international platforms (such as the UNFCCC and Arctic Council)
The Strategic Importance of the One-Map Policy for the Certainty of Sustainable Business and Investment in Indonesia
Indonesia’s forestry sector faces persistent challenges related to overlapping land claims, spatial data discrepancies, and unclear land tenure, which undermine sustainable business operations and investment certainty. The One Map Policy (OMP) was introduced as a strategic initiative to harmonize spatial data and resolve these conflicts, aiming to enhance governance and support sustainable forestry development. This study aims to analyze the strategic importance of the OMP in ensuring sustainable business practices and investment certainty in Indonesia’s forestry sector. Employing a qualitative literature review approach, this research synthesizes findings from 80 peer-reviewed articles, government reports, and policy documents published from 2010 to 2025. Data collection involved systematic identification and selection of secondary sources relevant to forestry governance, spatial policy implementation, and investment trends. The analysis was conducted using thematic synthesis to integrate key insights on spatial data harmonization, institutional coordination, investment growth, environmental sustainability, and social impacts. The results indicate that OMP has significantly reduced spatial conflicts, improved forest boundary accuracy, and enhanced licensing efficiency, leading to increased investor confidence and growth in sustainable forestry projects. However, institutional fragmentation and challenges in integrating customary land rights remain significant barriers
To Study on Why People Avoid Investing in Mutual Funds in Ahmedabad City
Although an increasing number of people in India are becoming aware about mutual fund investments, the potential for mutual fund investment in urban cities such as Ahmedabad is still largely untapped. The objective of this primary research is to understand and examine the major psychological, behavioral, socio-economic and informational determinants for not investing in mutual funds by residents of Ahmedabad City. The research employs a quantitative research technique with the aid of a structured questionnaire that was administered to 301 respondents with assorted demographic characteristics. The results indicate that financial illiteracy, fear of risk in the market, mistrust in intermediaries, and the preference for traditional saving instruments are some of the major drivers. Furthermore, social influence, misperception on mutual fund performance and less support from the advisor also intensify the unwillingness. The results provide practical implications for financial institutions, advisors, and policymakers to improve investor knowledge and confidence. It also implies the importance of targeted investor education and the simplification of mutual funds
A Study on Consumer Behaviour Towards Various RCM Products Among the People of Vapi, Silvassa, and Daman
This study examines consumer behaviour towards RCM products in the semi-urban regions of Vapi, Silvassa, and Daman, focusing on two key aspects: satisfaction with product availability and trust in the ingredients and safety of RCM products. Specifically, it investigates the influence of age on these factors. The study tests two hypotheses—first, whether there is a significant relationship between age and satisfaction with the availability of RCM products, and second, whether age affects trust in the ingredients and safety of these products. Using statistical analysis, the study finds no significant relationship between age and satisfaction with product availability (p-value > 0.05), and similarly, no significant relationship between age and trust in product safety (p-value > 0.05). These results suggest that demographic variables like age may not be as influential in shaping consumer perceptions and behaviours in these regions as traditionally assumed. The study also reveals weak associations in both hypotheses, indicating that other factors, such as community influence, marketing efforts, and product accessibility, may play a more significant role. The findings have practical implications for businesses and marketers, suggesting the need to focus on broader strategies, such as improving product availability, building universal trust through transparency, and leveraging educational campaigns
Migration and Development: Assess the Effects of Migration on Economic, Social, and Human Development in Both Origin and Destination Countries
The relationship between migration and development is complex and multifaceted. Migration can have both positive and negative effects on economic, social, and human development in both origin and destination countries. Remittances sent by migrants can boost local economies and improve living standards in origin countries. However, brain drain can hinder economic development in destination countries, migrants can fill labor gaps and contribute to economic growth. Migration can lead to cultural diversity and social cohesion in destination countries. However, integration challenges can arise if migrants face barriers to accessing education, employment, and social services. Family separation can also have negative effects on family members, particularly children. Migration can lead to knowledge transfer and capacity building in origin countries. Skilled migrants can contribute to human capital and drive innovation in destination countries. However, migrants may face challenges accessing healthcare and education. Effective migration policies can help maximize the benefits of migration while minimizing its negative effects. Policymakers must consider the complex interplay between migration and development to create policies that promote economic growth, social cohesion, and human development. By harnessing the potential of migration, countries can drive development and improve the lives of migrants and their communities. Migration can be a powerful tool for development, but it requires a careful management to achieve its full potential
Migration and Development: Analyse the Causes of Migration in Ghana
Migration is a significant phenomenon in Ghana, driven by various factors. Economic factors, such as poverty and unemployment, push individuals to migrate to urban centers or other countries in search of better prospects. Demographic factors, like youth burge and urbanization, also contribute to migration. Environmental factors, including climate change and land degradation, can lead to migration. Social factors, such as education and family ties, influence migration decisions. The impact of migration on development in Ghana is multifaceted. Remittances from migrants contribute significantly to the economy, supporting families and communities. Return migrants can bring new skills and knowledge, benefitting local economies. However, brain drain can hinder development in critical sectors like healthcare and education. To harness the benefits of migration for development, Ghana's government should strengthen migration policies and frameworks, engage the diaspora in national development, invest in local economies, and enhance education and training programs. By understanding the causes and impacts of migration, policymakers can create informed policies that promote development, protect migrants rights, and leverage migration for Ghana's growth and prosperity
The Influence of Digital Marketing on the Purchasing Decision of Green Products at Banua Uta Abu Gibran Hydroponics in Ampana City
This study aims to determine: (1) The influence of digital marketing consisting of trust, convenience, information quality and price on purchasing decisions for green products in Banua Uta Abu Gibran Hydroponics. (2) The influence of trust on purchasing decisions for green products in Banua Uta Abu Gibran Hydroponics. (3) The influence of convenience on purchasing decisions for green products in Banua Uta Abu Gibran Hydroponics. (4) The influence of information quality on purchasing decisions for green products in Banua Uta Abu Gibran Hydroponics. (5) The influence of price on purchasing decisions for green products in Banua Uta Abu Gibran Hydroponics. The sampling technique in this study used Incidental Sampling and Purposive Sampling, with a sample size of 75 respondents. Data collection used a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The analysis method used multiple linear regression. The results of the study showed that (1) There is a significant influence of digital marketing consisting of trust, convenience, information quality and price on the decision to purchase green products in Banua Uta Abu Gibran Hydroponics. (2) There is a significant influence of trust on the decision to purchase green products in Banua Uta Abu Gibran Hydroponics. (3) There is a significant influence of convenience on the decision to purchase green products in Banua Uta Abu Gibran Hydroponics. (4) There is a significant influence of information quality on the decision to purchase green products in Banua Uta Abu Gibran Hydroponics. (5) There is a significant influence of price on the decision to purchase green products in Banua Uta Abu Gibran Hydroponics
Migration and Development: Investigate the impact of remittances on poverty reduction, economic growth, and household welfare in origin countries
The relationship between migration and development has generated significant attention, particularly regarding the impact of remittances on poverty reduction, economic growth, and household welfare in origin countries. Remittances, financial transfers from migrants to their families back home, have been found to play a crucial role in alleviating poverty and improving living standards. Studies have shown that remittances can reduce poverty rates by increasing household income and enabling families to invest in essential services like education and healthcare. Additionally, remittances can contribute to economic growth by stimulating local economies and promoting entrepreneurship. However, the impact of remittances on development is not without challenges. Dependence on remittances can create vulnerabilities to external economic shocks, and the flow of remittances can be affected by factors like migration policies and economic conditions in host countries. Despite these challenges, remittances remain a vital source of external financing for many developing countries. Policies aimed at reducing transaction costs, improving financial inclusion, and promoting investment in productive sectors can help maximize the development impact of remittances. Overall, remittances have the potential to contribute significantly to poverty reduction, economic growth, and household welfare in origin countries. By understanding the complexities of remittance flows and implementing effective policies, governments can harness the development potential of migration
Dietary Supplementation of Poultry Herbs® on Growth Performance, Immune Response and Haemato-Biochemical Parameters of Hubbard Broiler Chicken
A 42 days study was carried out to examine the effect of dietary supplementation of Poultry herbs® on growth performance, immune response and haemato-biochemical parameters of Hubbard broiler chicken. 600 1-day- old broiler chicks (Hubbard) of mixed sex were randomly distributed into 5 treatment groups and each treatment had 5 replicates (20 birds per replicate). Experimental diet meets the requirement provided by the Nutritional Research Council. Neomycin was supplemented at 10 g/kg diet for birds in group A while poultry herbs (PH) was supplemented at 5 g, 10 g, 15 g, 20 g and 25 g/kg diet for birds in group B, C, D, E and F respectively using a completely randomized design. Clean water was also offered ad libitum. Analysis of phyto-constituents in PH showed that terpenoids (1091 mg/g), phenol (1000.3 mg/g) and flavonoids (977.4 mg/g) are the most prominent compound followed by alkaloids (500.9 mg/g), tannins (411.6 mg/g), steroids (208.5 mg/g), saponins (100.6 mg/g) and glycosides (86.55 mg/g) respectively. Average daily weight, average daily feed consumption and feed conversion ratio improved in birds fed PH in group: B, C, D, E and F compared to group A (p˂0.05). Higher mortality was recorded among birds in group A (2.20 %) and lower in group B (1.00 %) while none was recorded in the other groups
The Digital Divide in Public Participation: Barriers and Opportunities for Inclusive E-Governance
The uneven access to computers and the internet, what we call the “digital divide,” is a major hurdle for creating a government system where everyone can participate equally in online services. This paper looks at the different reasons why some people can’t fully take part in online government services. We’ll examine the social and economic factors, the problems with technology infrastructure, and the lack of digital skills that stop people from participating. We’ll also discuss ways to solve these problems, such as government policies, training programs to improve digital literacy, and designing online services that are easy for everyone to use.We’ll use a mix of different research methods. This includes looking at global statistics and doing detailed case studies of India, Estonia, and Kenya. These countries show the wide range of challenges and opportunities in trying to close the digital divide. Our findings will emphasize the need for everyone—the government, businesses, community groups, and individuals—to work together to overcome this gap. Ultimately, the paper argues that true online government participation depends not only on having access to technology but also on fixing the deeper inequalities within our society
Digital Marketing Strategy “Facebook” in Increasing Sales at the King Shoop Shop
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies through the Facebook platform implemented by Toko Raja Shoop in increasing sales and business visibility. Using a SWOT analysis approach, the study evaluates internal and external factors that influence the success of digital marketing strategies. The findings indicate that the majority of Toko Raja Shoop's customers are young individuals with good digital literacy, actively engaging with marketing content.The key factors supporting the effectiveness of this strategy include competitive product pricing, engaging promotional content, and active interaction with customers through social media features. However, the study also identifies challenges that need to be anticipated, such as high competition, dependence on the Facebook platform, and algorithm changes that may affect marketing reach. The SWOT analysis shows that Toko Raja Shoop is in a favorable position to continue growing by leveraging large market opportunities and the increasing use of social media. As recommendations, the study suggests diversifying marketing platforms, enhancing digital account security, optimizing promotional content, and collaborating with influencers to improve business competitiveness in the digital ecosystem
The Influence of Digital Marketing and Product Quality on the Purchase Decision of Hni Herbal Medicine Products in Ampana City
The purpose of this study is to examine how product quality and digital marketing affect Ampana City residents' decisions to buy HNI herbal goods. The background of the research is driven by increasing public awareness of health and preferences for natural remedies. Descriptive quantitative research methodology was employed, with 72 respondents who are stockholders of HNI Ibu Asmita. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that digital marketing significantly affects purchasing decisions, with a significance value of 0.000. Product quality also has a significant impact with the same value. Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence purchasing decisions, with an R² value of 0.690, indicating that 69% of the variation in purchasing decisions can be explained by digital marketing and product quality.These findings underscore the importance of effective digital marketing strategies to enhance consumer trust. The researcher recommends that companies pay more attention to product quality and clear information in marketing campaigns. This research is expected to provide insights for companies and future researchers regarding the factors influencing purchasing decisions for herbal products
Governance and Economic Development in Pakistan: A Case Study of PTI Government (2018-2022)
During the PTI government from 2018. Pakistan experienced significant fluctuations and hurdles in governance of the administration and economic development of the state. This research examines the governance and economic policy adopted by the PTI government. The new democratically elected PTI government came into power with the vows of creating a “Naya Pakistan” based on principles of transparency, accountability, merit and welfare of the state, aimed to address the country’s longstanding social and economic challenges through a combination of institutional reforms, fighting corruption, and providing safety nets to the marginalized community. Its flagship programs were the Ehsaas Program, which envisaged poverty alleviation, and Sehat Sahoolat Card, which sought at improving health care facility. However, the PTI administration faced very significant adversities, such as economic slowdown, and political instability, which did not allow the incumbent government to bring structural changes for sustainable development. Meanwhile, the government's economic policies sought to stabilize budget deficits, increase the tax base, and stimulate growth, but these efforts were overshadowed by rising inflation, currency devaluation, and an increasing public debt burden
Digital Marketing Strategy for Marina Cottage Business in Ampana City
This study aims to analyze the digital marketing strategy implemented at Marina Cottage in Ampana City. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, with data collected through observation, in- depth interviews, and documentation. The research employed SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis and the QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) method to determine the most effective strategic alternatives based on internal and external environmental factors. Findings reveal that efforts to strengthen internal capacity in digital marketing—such as improving human resource skills, content consistency, and digital interaction quality—yield more significant benefits than simply expanding to new platforms. Key strengths include strategic location and established brand reputation, while notable weaknesses lie in the lack of dedicated digital marketing resources. External opportunities involve increased internet usage and user-generated promotional content, while threats include negative reviews and stronger competitors. The analysis places Marina Cottage in a growth- oriented (aggressive) strategic position, suggesting digital branding, influencer partnerships, and proactive online engagement as priority strategies. This study offers practical insights for accommodation businesses in emerging tourist destinations on how to optimize digital marketing strategies for competitiveness and sustainability in the digital era
Marketing Mix and Brand Image on Purchasing Decision of Sharp Washing Machine at YY Elektronik Ampana Store
This study aims to determine the simultaneous and partial influence of marketing mix variables and brand image on purchasing decisions of Sharp brand washing machines at YY Electronics Ampana Store using quantitative research methods. The research data were obtained from questionnaires distributed to 60 respondents who had purchased Sharp Brand washing machines at YY Electronics Ampana Store as research samples, with the Accidental Sampling data collection method. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis to conduct F tests and t tests with the assistance of the IBM SPSS 25 application. The study's findings suggest that brand image and the marketing mix both significantly influence consumers' decisions to buy. Partially, the marketing mix and brand image each have an effect on the purchasing decision of Sharp brand washing machines at YY Electronics Ampana Store. The calculation results using the SPSS program show that the coefficient of determination obtained is 0.309. This means that 30.9% of purchasing decisions are influenced by marketing mix and brand image variables, while the remaining 69.1% of purchasing decisions are impacted by factors not included in this investigation
Iran’s Shifting Discourse on Nuclear Weaponization: Bargaining Tactic or Doctrine Change
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action was a multilateral agreement between the USA, Iran, China, Russia, UK, France, Germany, and European Union in July 2015. The objective of this agreement is to dismantle the Iran’s nuclear weapon and reduced the Uranium enrichment from 90% to 3.67% as to produce nuclear weapons 90% is needed, Moreover, as per the agreement the major power including the USA lift the economic sanction to Iran. There was a different perspective raised in USA politics on JCPOA agreement as one hand, Democrats was in favor of this deal and on the other hand, Republican was against. In this research, researcher used Qualities research by using the critical analysis technique by getting the data from secondary sources such as Books, Journal, Articles, Government official websites and more. Moreover, researcher used securitization theory to explain the JCPOA and the US withdrawal. The objective of this study is to find the reason behind the US Withdrawal by examine the Iran’s nuclear power capability and the international community stance on this JCPOA
U.S. Policy Influence on SAARC and BIMSTEC Dynamics: Regional Integration or Fragmentation
This study describes the impact of United States foreign policy on the evolution and functionality of two major South Asian regional organizations like as the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC). In the backdrop of shifting geopolitical alignments, this study critically evaluates whether U.S. engagement in South Asia fosters regional integration or contributes to fragmentation. This research examine that how U.S. strategic interests and diplomatic engagements have affected the operational effectiveness and cohesion of SAARC and BIMSTEC. This research also seeks to U.S. policy preferences have developed inter-state collaboration or intensified bilateral tensions among South Asian countries. This research adopts a qualitative research method depending on document analysis and secondary data gather from government publications, think tank reports and significant relevant research articles. A comparative case study approach is applied to assess the contrasting trajectories of SAARC and BIMSTEC in relation to U.S. policy priorities focusing on key periods of diplomatic shift post-2001. This study outcomes that U.S. policy especially its Indo-Pacific strategy and counterterrorism collaboration has indirectly contributed to the marginalization of SAARC by strengthening bilateral ties with India while sidelining Pakistan. Conversely, U.S
Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Weaned Rabbits Fed Pawpaw Seed Oil
The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional digestibility and growth performance of weaned rabbits fed diets based on pawpaw seed oil throughout an eight-week trial. In a completely randomized design, 36 weaned bunnies weighing 517.0 ± 0.26 grams at the beginning were split into four treatments at random, each with nine duplicates. All nutrients were sufficient in the experimental (basal) diet. Treatment 1 rabbits received a basic diet devoid of pawpaw seed oil; treatments 2, 3, and 4 rabbits received the same diet plus pawpaw seed oil at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 milliliters per kilogram of diet, respectively. Feed and clean water were supplied unrestricted and other management practices were strictly adhered to. Flavonoids (7.72%), phenols (3.70%), terpenoids (2.40%), alkaloids (2.18%), tannins (1.83%), and steroids (0.06%) were identified as phyto-constituents in pawpaw seed oil. Rabbits fed treatments 3 and 4 experienced the largest average daily weight gain (21.74 g and 22.12 g, respectively), followed by treatment 2 (17.55 g) and treatment 1 (14.75 g) (P<0.05). The average daily intake of feed was affected (P<0.05). Only treatment 1 (2.00%) had mortality, while the other treatments had none (P<0.05). The digestibility of ether extract, dry matter, crude protein, and crude fiber varied considerably (P<0.05) between treatments. In conclusion, the bioactive components in pawpaw seed oil may be responsible for the improved performance of the rabbits in treatments 3 and 4